In which geographical area did the Mandan and Hidatsa tribes primarily engage in agriculture?

The Mandan and Hidatsa tribes primarily engaged in agriculture in the Northern Plains region of North Dakota. This area provided rich soil and access to water sources, which were crucial for cultivating crops. The tribes developed advanced agricultural practices, growing staples such as corn, beans, and squash. The conducive climate and geography of the Northern Plains allowed them to establish semi-permanent villages and create a sustainable lifestyle centered around farming.

The Mandan were known for their earth-lodge villages along the Missouri River, where agriculture played a significant role. They engaged in crop rotation and irrigation techniques to maximize their agricultural yield. The Hidatsa shared similar practices, contributing to a thriving agricultural community. Both tribes also engaged in hunting and gathering, but agriculture was central to their economic and social structures, providing food security and supporting population growth.

The other geographical areas mentioned, such as the Upper Midwest, Central Valley, and Rocky Mountains, did not offer the same agricultural viability for these tribes. The Upper Midwest encompasses various ecosystems and agricultural practices, but it was not the primary region for the Mandan and Hidatsa. The Central Valley is generally associated with areas like California, while the Rocky Mountains present challenging terrain for agriculture due to its elevation and climate.